Cost Estimates For European Tour Essays - Meals, World Cuisine

Cost Estimates For European Tour Essays - Meals, World Cuisine Cost Estimates For European Tour March 15-Day One the group will be leaving Orlando International Airport by plane on Flight 212 leaving for Madrid, Spain. Price = $418.00 March 18-Day four the group will be leaving Madrid by plane on flight 86 for Paris, France. Price = $288.00 March 21- Day seven the group will be leaving Paris International by plane on flight 124 for Geneva, Switzerland. Price = $130.00 March 24- Day ten the group will leave Geneva by plane on flight 584 for Vienna, Austria. Price = $150.00 March 27- Day thirteen the group will be leaving for its final destination from Vienna by plane on flight 56 for Berlin, Germany. Price = $200.00 Cost Estimates For Logging Madrid, Spain March 16-17 Hotel Serrano Suite $500.00, $60.00 for each additional person per night. Breakfast and dinner included. Breakfast includes assorted breads, Dinner menu will be soup and chicken for the first night, the second night, dinner will include the traditional Spanish plate tapass a 7 course meal. Cost in pesetas = 159700.80P - $1.00=142.59P Paris, France March 19-20 Hotel la Tour Maubourg double bed $200.00, $50.00 for each additional person per night. Breakfast included. Breakfast will include croissants and sweet breads. For one of the nights there the group will go to a Cabaret featuring live entertainment this is a present from the establishment. The other night they will be given $50.00 to go to a cafe or restaurant were they will be able to have soups rare meats and fantastic deserts. Price in Francs = 3080.00F - $1.00=5.60F Bern, Switzerland March 22-23 Hotel Bern suite $550.00, $70 for each additional person per night. Breakfast and Dinner included. Breakfast will include sweet breads and cereal. Dinner for the first night will include a 4 course meal starting with soup, after soup assorted vegetables and meat, next there will be a salad and finishing off there will be dessert. The next night will be left up to the group $50.00 will be given for dinner expenses. Because this is in the German part of Switzerland the German mark will be a means of money. Price in Marks = 2180.10DM - $1.00=1.69DM Vienna, Austria March 25-26 Hotel Aclon suite $400.00, $50.00 for each additional person per night. Breakfast and dinner included, the Vienna cafe is directly below the hotel. The dishes are varied from soups and sandwiches meats and desserts. Price in AS = 10692.00AS - $1.00=11.88AS Berlin, Germany March 28-29 Hotel Alexander suite is $600.00, $50.00 for each additional person per night. Breakfast $15.00 dinner will be a little step for each night $53.85. Breakfast will include sweet breads, pies, cinnamon rolls, and eggs and sausage will be available if desired. Dinner will be served at a nice restaurant, dinner will most likely include pasta dishes meats and vegetables. After the main courses dessert will be served, the first night will have Apfelstrudel paper thin layers of pastry filled with apple slices, nuts, raisins and jam. The second night Gugelhupf a mounded cake with a hole in the center, usually filled with raisons and almonds. Dinner will most likely be the same or a little different. Price in Deutsch Marks = 2429.71DM - $1.00=1.69DM Total Cost Estimate For European Trip In US dollars =$6633.70 Bibliography For Page Berlitz. German Dictionary, Berlitz 1996.

Al-Khwarizmi, a Pioneering Astronomer and Mathematician

Al-Khwarizmi, a Pioneering Astronomer and Mathematician Al-Khwarizmi​ was also known as Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi. He was known for writing major works on astronomy and mathematics that introduced Hindu-Arabic numerals and the idea of algebra to European scholars. The Latinized version of his name gave us the term algorithm, and the title of his most famous and important work gave us the word algebra. What Professions Did Al-Khwarizami Have? Writer, scientist, astronomer, geographer,  and mathematician. Places of Residence Asia, Arabia Important Dates Born:  c. 786Died:  c. 850 About Al-Khwarizmi Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi was born in Baghdad in the 780s, around the time Harun al-Rashid became the fifth Abbasid caliph. Haruns son and successor, al-Mamun, founded an academy of science known as the House of Wisdom (Dar al-Hikma). Here, research was conducted and scientific and philosophic treatises were translated, particularly Greek works from the Eastern Roman Empire. Al-Khwarizmi became a scholar at the House of Wisdom. At this important center of learning, al-Khwarizmi studied algebra, geometry, and astronomy. He wrote influential texts on the subjects. He appears to have received the specific patronage of al-Mamun, to whom he dedicated two of his books: his treatise on algebra and his treatise on astronomy. Al-Khwarizmis treatise on algebra, al-Kitab al-mukhtasar fi hisab al-jabr waÊ ¾l-muqabala (â€Å"The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing†), was his most important and well-known work. Elements of Greek, Hebrew, and Hindu works that were derived from Babylonian mathematics of more than 2,000 years earlier were incorporated into al-Khwarizmis treatise. The term al-jabr in its title brought the word algebra into western use when it was translated into Latin several centuries later.   Although it sets forth the basic rules of algebra, Hisab al-jabr wal-muqabala had a practical objective: to teach. As al-Khwarizmi put it: ...what is easiest and most useful in arithmetic, such as men constantly require in cases of inheritance, legacies, partition, lawsuits, and trade, and in all their dealings with one another, or where the measuring of lands, the digging of canals, geometrical computations, and other objects of various sorts and kinds are concerned. Hisab al-jabr wal-muqabala included examples as well as algebraic rules in order to help the reader with these practical applications. Al-Khwarizmi also produced a work on Hindu numerals. These symbols, which we recognize as the Arabic numerals used in the west today, originated in India and had only recently been introduced into Arabic mathematics. Al-Khwarizmis treatise describes the place-value system of numerals from 0 to 9 and may be the first known use of a symbol for zero as a place-holder (a blank space had been used in some methods of calculation). The treatise provides methods for arithmetical calculation, and it is believed that a procedure for finding square roots was included. Unfortunately, the original Arabic text is lost. A Latin translation exists, and though it is thought to be considerably changed from the original, it did make an important addition to western mathematical knowledge. From the word Algoritmi in its title, Algoritmi de numero Indorum (in English, Al-Khwarizmi on the Hindu Art of Reckoning), the term algorithm came into western usage. In addition to his works in mathematics, al-Khwarizmi made important strides in geography. He helped create a world map for al-Mamun and took part in a project to find the Earths circumference, in which he measured the length of a degree of a meridian in the plain of Sinjar. His book Kitab surat al-ará ¸  (literally The Image of the Earth, translated as Geography), was based on the geography of Ptolemy and provided the coordinates of approximately 2,400 sites in the known world, including cities, islands, rivers, seas, mountains, and general geographical regions. Al-Khwarizmi improved on Ptolemy with more accurate values for sites in Africa and Asia, and for the length of the Mediterranean Sea.   Al-Khwarizmi wrote yet another work that made it into the western canon of mathematical studies: a compilation of astronomical tables. This included a table of sines, and either its original or an Andalusian revision was translated into Latin. He also produced two treatises on the astrolabe, one on the sundial and one on the Jewish calendar, and wrote a political history that included the horoscopes of prominent people. The precise date of al-Khwarizmis death is unknown. Sources Agarwal, Ravi P. Creators of Mathematical and Computational Sciences. Syamal K. Sen, 2014th Edition, Springer, November 13, 2014. OConnor, J. J. Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Musa Al-Khwarizmi. E. F. Robertson, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, July 1999. Surhone, Lambert M. (Editor). The Compendious Book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing. Miriam T. Timpledon, Susan F. Marseken, VDM Publishing, August 10, 2010. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Al-Khwarizmi. Encyclopaedia Britannica, July 20, 1998.